Laron syndrome protects against cancer, diabetes, and heart disease

 

Imagine living in a 4-foot body that doesn't develop chronic diseases like cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. Nathaly Paola Castro Torres, a 42-year-old "little person" with Laron syndrome, has experienced this rare genetic disorder that stunts her growth but provides a hidden silver lining: her body is protected from major diseases.

Torres, who works in a restaurant in Los Angeles, has faced stares and comments about her height, but she considers her size an opportunity. Growing up in Quito, Ecuador, she felt embraced by her community and saw her height as a blessing.

Laron syndrome, caused by a genetic mutation, affects around 350-500 people worldwide. It blocks the body's ability to use insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), a hormone that promotes normal bone and tissue growth. While people with Laron syndrome have IGF-1 in their tissues, they have little of it circulating in their bloodstream, which contributes to aging and disease.

Studies have shown that individuals with Laron syndrome have a very low incidence of cancer, diabetes, and cognitive decline. Brain scans have revealed more youthful brains, equivalent to someone 20 years younger. A new study published in the journal Med suggests that they may also be protected from heart disease.

Professors Valter Longo and Dr. Jaime Guevara-Aguirre have studied Laron syndrome for nearly 20 years. Longo, a professor of gerontology and biological sciences at the University of Southern California, believes that people with Laron syndrome may hold the key to living longer, disease-free lives.

The researchers have identified a mutation in the human growth hormone receptor gene that blocks the body's ability to use IGF-1. This genetic disruption stunts growth but also provides protection against chronic diseases. Longo and Guevara-Aguirre are searching for a drug that could potentially lower circulating IGF-1 levels in the general population, providing anti-aging and disease-preventive benefits.

While people with Laron syndrome are protected from chronic diseases, they are not immune to other health risks. Obesity, a trigger for diabetes, heart disease, and cancer, is a common issue. However, a recent study found that individuals with Laron syndrome do not have an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease despite their obesity and poor environments.

Torres, who has been part of the research, hopes that the study will lead to medical help for people struggling with diabetes and cancer. She believes that her body's adaptability is a blessing and is proud to be part of the research.

In conclusion, Nathaly Paola Castro Torres' story is a remarkable example of how a rare genetic disorder can provide protection against chronic diseases. The research on Laron syndrome offers hope for developing new treatments and understanding the aging process. As Longo says, "The idea would be for people who have high circulating IGF-1 levels to get drugs that lower the IGF-1 back to the range that seems to be associated with the lowest mortality rate."