Adam’s Calendar (also known as Inzalo y'Langa or "Birthplace of the Sun") is a site in Mpumalanga, South Africa, consisting of a series of standing stones. It is often called "African Stonehenge" and has become a focal point for debates between fringe theories and mainstream archaeology.
The site is part of a much larger landscape of thousands of stone ruins, including the Bakoni ruins, which are scattered across the highveld of Southern Africa.
1. The Claims: The "Oldest Structure on Earth"
The site gained international fame primarily through the work of Johan Heine and Michael Tellinger. Their core arguments include:
Extreme Antiquity: They claim the site is at least 75,000 years old, based on calculations of stellar alignments (specifically Orion’s Belt) as they would have appeared in the sky tens of thousands of years ago.
Astronomical Alignment: They argue the stones are precisely aligned with the North, South, East, and West cardinal points, as well as the solstices and equinoxes.
The "Mother Culture": Tellinger proposes that this site was the flagship of a massive, advanced civilization that predates the Sumerians and Egyptians, often linking it to gold mining and the Anunnaki (ancient astronaut theories).
Energy and Sound: Proponents claim the stones vibrate at specific frequencies and that the site was part of an ancient "power grid."
2. The Scientific View: The Bakoni Civilization
Mainstream archaeologists and historians generally reject the 75,000-year date. Instead, they view the site as part of a complex and highly innovative agricultural civilization.
Age and Origin: Evidence suggests the stone circles date to roughly the 16th to 19th centuries. They are attributed to the Bakoni people, an advanced farming community.
Function: Archaeologists identify these structures as homesteads and cattle kraals (livestock enclosures). The "walls" were likely designed to manage cattle movement and protect crops from erosion through sophisticated terracing.
Architecture: The "channels" between circles were likely used as sunken cattle paths to keep livestock separate from the gardens.
3. Key Points of Contention
| Feature | Fringe/Tellinger View | Mainstream Archeology View |
| Age | 75,000+ years | 400–500 years |
| Purpose | Astronomical Calendar / Power Plant | Livestock Kraal / Homestead |
| Material | Transported from kilometers away | Sourced from local dolomite/diabase |
| Alignments | Deliberate stellar tracking | Potentially coincidental or natural |
4. Why it Matters Today
Regardless of which side you take, Adam’s Calendar is a significant cultural landmark. For local indigenous groups and elders like the late Credo Mutwa, the site has deep spiritual meaning as a sacred place of initiation and ancient wisdom.
The site is currently protected as part of the Blue Swallow National Heritage Site, though many of the surrounding ruins are being lost to forestry and agricultural development.
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